Supplementary materials to Journal of the Geological Society, London

Fluid regime in continental subduction zones: petrological insights from ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks
Yong-Fei Zheng 

Appendices I

The Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks

The Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt is located in east-central China (Fig. S1) and formed due to Triassic subduction of the South China Block beneath the North China Block. Since findings of coesite and microdiamond as inclusions in minerals from eclogites in the orogenic belt (Okay et al., 1989; Wang et al., 1989; Xu et al., 1992), this continental collision belt has been one of the largest (>30,000 km2) and best-exposed UHP metamorphic terranes recognized so far on the earth (Liou et al., 2000; Carswell and Compagnoni, 2003; Zheng, 2008). 

Fig. S1. A sketch map of general geology in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt of east-central China, with a revised subdivision of metamorphic zones in the Dabie orogen following the findings of micro-diamond in the North Dabie high-T eclogite (Xu et al., 2003, 2005; Liu et al., 2007a) and coesite pseudomorph in the South Dabie low-T eclogite (Li et al., 2004). NCB and SCB in the insert denote the North China Block and the South China Block, respectively.

The Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks are mainly composed of granitic gneiss, with minor proportions of other rock types that are enclosed as pods and layers within the regional granitic gneiss. They show the following characteristics (Cong, 1996; Jahn, 1998; Liou et al., 2000; Zheng et al., 2003, 2005; Xu et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2007; Xia et al., 2008): (1) widespread occurrences of coesite as inclusions not only in nominally anhydrous minerals such as garnet, omphacite, zircon, kyanite, and dolomite but also in hydrous minerals such as zoisite and epidote; (2) minor diamond inclusions are contained in garnet and rare zircon from both eclogite and garnet peridotite; (3) abundant exsolution textures occur in UHP minerals from eclogite and garnet peridotite, with inferred occurrence of majoritic garnet; (4) common UHP records are mainly preserved in eclogite, peridotite, marble, jadeite quartzite and paragneiss, with occurrence of microcoesite only in zircon from the granitic gneiss; (5) hydrous minerals such as phengite, zoisite/epidote, and talc are present in UHP eclogites, with occurrences of coesite in epidote-group minerals; (6) the maximum P estimates lie within the diamond stability field, and maximum T estimates reach the granulite facies; (7) exhumed UHP units are now present in the upper continental crust chiefly as thin subhorizontal slabs, bounded by normal faults on the top, and reverse faults on the bottom, and sandwiched in HP or lower grade metamorphic units; (8) very low degrees of partial melting occur in UHP rocks, with potassic granitoids as products of syn-exhumation magmatism.
Various types of UHP and HP metamorphic rocks widely occur along the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt (Wang et al., 1995; Cong, 1996; Liou et al., 2000; Hirajima and Nakamura, 2003; Zheng et al., 2005; Xu et al., 2006). They show zoned occurrence, from south to north, of low-T/HP blueschist-facies, low-T/UHP eclogite-facies, mid-T/UHP eclogite-facies and high-T/UHP granulite-facies (Fig. S1). The UHP eclogite-facies rocks were commonly overprinted by HP eclogite-, granulite- or amphibolite-facies assemblages. According to field occurrence and country-rock association, three types of eclogite have generally been categorized in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt (Cong, 1996; Zheng, 2008): (1) G-type, gneiss-hosted enclaves or layers; (2) M-type, interlayered with or enclaves within marble or metasilicates of sedimentary protolith (including jadeite quartzite); (3) P-type, either members of layered mafic-ultramafic intrusions or simply in association with ultramafic rocks (peridotite or pyroxenite). Combined studies of zircon U-Pb ages and Hf-O isotopes demonstrate that protoliths of UHP metamorphic rocks mainly consist of Neoproterozoic igneous and sedimentary rocks, with minor amounts of Paleoproterozoic and Archean rocks (Zheng et al., 2004, 2006; Chen et al., 2007; Gong et al., 2007; Tang et al., 2008a). 

Fig. S2. Schematic diagrams showing the PTt evolution and U-Pb ages for UHP metamorphic rocks in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt. (a) P-T-t path for mid-T/UHP eclogite-facies zone following petrological and geochronological studies (e.g., Carswell and Zhang, 1999; Liu et al., 2006a, 2008; Wu et al., 2006; Zhao et al., 2006). (b) Zircon U-Pb dating of protolith crystallization and subduction-zone metamorphism; ages of 240-225 Ma for UHP eclogite-facies metamorphism are based on SHRIMP dating of coesite-bearing domains of metamorphic zircon (Yang et al., 2003; Liu and Xu, 2004; Liu et al., 2004a, 2004b, 2006b, 2008; Wan et al., 2005), and ages of 225-215 Ma for HP eclogite-facies recrystallization are based on SHRIMP dating of metamorphic zircon from the UHP metamorphic rocks with the absence of coesite, amphibole and plagioclase but the presence of quartz (Liu et al., 2006a, 2008; Zhao et al., 2006). 

The UHP metamorphic event has been dated for different types of UHP rocks at different outcrops, ranging from zircon U-Pb ages of 2401 Ma (Hacker et al., 1998, 2000) to Omp+Grt Sm-Nd isochron ages of 2364 Ma (Li et al. 2004) to 2263 (Li et al., 2000). These age differences may indicate that termination timing of peak UHP metamorphism may have happened at different times for the different slices of deep-subducted slab. Further constraints are placed by SHRIMP U-Pb ages of 2422 to 2272 Ma for the coesite-bearing domains of zircon from gneisses and amphibolites (Fig. S2). Nevertheless, the main phase of UHP metamorphism is constrained to have occurred between 240 Ma and 225 Ma (Li et al., 2004; Wan et al., 2005; Hacker et al., 2006; Liu et al., 2006a; Wu et al., 2006), with peak UHP metamorphic event at about 238-235 Ma (Li et al., 2004; Wawrzenitz et al., 2006). A timespan from ca. 245~240 Ma to 210~205 Ma appears to occur for subduction and exhumation, respectively, in the orogenic cycle of HP-UHP-HP regimes (Fig. S2). This suggests a period of 30 to 40 Myr for uplift from the mantle depth of at least 120 km to the crustal level of 30 to 40 km, pointing to the protracted exhumation in slow rates of 2-3 mm/yr. Although there is a significant difference in UHP metamorphic grades between the different occurrences of eclogites (Fig. S1), no systematic difference in the peak UHP metamorphic age occurs between the Dabie and Sulu orogens.
Retrograde metamorphism is common in the UHP metamorphic rocks (e.g., Cong, 1996; Zheng et al., 1999; Sassi et al., 2000; Hirajima and Nakamura, 2003; Zhang et al., 2003, 2005; Chen et al., 2007). It is commonly localized along fractures or shear zones. Fluid infiltration to drive hydration is indicated by the occurrence of abundant fluid inclusions in post-peak metamorphic minerals, and by the occurrence of hydrous minerals (such as amphiboles and layer silicates) and carbonates. Typical retrograde reactions in the Dabie-Sulu eclogites include symplectitic replacement of omphacite, biotite replacement of phengite, and the formation of edenitic/pargasitic amphibole. 
Abundant quartz veins occur within UHP eclogites in the Dabie-Sulu orogenic belt (Castelli et al., 1998; Franz et al., 2001; Li et al., 2001a, 2001b; Ferrando et al., 2005; Frezzotti et al., 2007; Zhang et al., 2008). They range in width from submillimeters to several decimeters. Field observations show that these quartz veins have two common features: (1) both paragenesis and quartz content of eclogite at vein margins are identical to those far away from the veins; and (2) there is a distinct boundary between vein and host-eclogite. For kyanite-quartz veins enclosed by mid-T/UHP eclogites in the southwestern part of the Sulu orogen, Frezzotti et al. (2007) observed that they are weakly foliated, and consist of medium- to coarse-grained, quartz (or coesite) (~70–80 vol. %), kyanite (~10–20 vol. %), white mica (up to 5 vol. %) ±OH-rich topaz, ±pyrophyllite, and accessory rutile, pyrite, zircon, apatite, ±barite and diaspore. For the similar quartz-veins at the same locality, Zhang et al. (2008) observed that coesite inclusions occur in zircon of allanite-quartz and kyanite-quartz veins, and inclusions of polycrystalline quartz pseudomorph after coesite are present in allanite of the allanite-quartz veins and in garnet of the kyanite-quartz veins. These demonstrate that the quartz-veins are either peak UHP metamorphic or developed during exhumation at P-T conditions somewhere between the UHP and HP eclogite-facies.
There are very important oxygen isotope anomalies in this belt, with extremely negative 18O values corresponding to the meteoric signature of cold paleoclimate. They occur not only in rock-forming minerals of UHP eclogite and quartz schist (Yui et al., 1995; Zheng et al., 1996), but also in granitic minerals such as garnet (Zheng et al., 2007) and zircon (Tang et al., 2008b). The oxygen isotope anomalies arrive at the three world-record extremes with the most negative 18O values for metamorphic minerals (Rumble and Yui, 1998; Zheng et al., 1998), for intrusive minerals (Zheng et al., 2007), and for zircon of metamorphic and magmatic origins (Zheng et al., 2004; Tang et al., 2008b). Also found are some exsolved mineral phases that may form at depths of 200-300 km (Ye et al., 2000; Liu et al., 2007b). Therefore, the Dabie-Sulu UHP metamorphic rocks represent a natural laboratory to study the physico-chemical changes that occurred during deep-subduction and exhumation of the continental crust (Zheng, 2008). 

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Appendices II
Table S1 LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb isotope data for eclogite at Yangkou and Qinglongshan in the Sulu orogen
Spot	Element content (ppm) & ratio		Atomic ratios		Apparent ages (Ma)	
	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	208Pb/232Th	1σ	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	
00YK10 Yangkou																	
1	21.1	153 	104	1.48 	0.06476 	0.00350 	1.06665 	0.05580 	0.11945 	0.00194 	0.03972 	0.00077 	767 	114 	737 	55 	727 	12 	
2	22.5	106 	129	0.82 	0.06418 	0.00238 	1.09181 	0.03899 	0.12338 	0.00153 	0.03706 	0.00070 	748 	78 	749 	39 	750 	10 	
3	24.4	119 	132	0.90 	0.06524 	0.00226 	1.14830 	0.03818 	0.12766 	0.00154 	0.03917 	0.00068 	782 	73 	776 	38 	775 	10 	
4	24.6	110 	158	0.69 	0.06421 	0.00353 	0.98001 	0.05240 	0.11069 	0.00148 	0.03405 	0.00034 	749 	116 	694 	52 	677 	10 	
5	10.6	59.7 	49.8	1.20 	0.06543 	0.00525 	1.11406 	0.08585 	0.12349 	0.00237 	0.03941 	0.00119 	788 	168 	760 	84 	751 	15 	
6	10.1	61.7 	105	0.59 	0.06074 	0.00370 	0.59862 	0.03535 	0.07148 	0.00127 	0.02409 	0.00082 	630 	131 	476 	35 	445 	8 	
7	28.1	228 	151	1.51 	0.06485 	0.00212 	0.98455 	0.03079 	0.11011 	0.00124 	0.03563 	0.00045 	769 	69 	696 	31 	673 	8 	
8	5.77	33.8	35.8 	0.94 	0.06431 	0.00444 	0.95696 	0.06436 	0.10793 	0.00212 	0.03682 	0.00110 	752 	146 	682 	63 	661 	14 	
9	6.10 	33.8 	36.2	0.93 	0.06539 	0.00518 	1.01502 	0.07822 	0.11258 	0.00257 	0.03895 	0.00137 	787 	166 	711 	76 	688 	17 	
10	22.4	104 	120	0.86 	0.06500 	0.00407 	1.04771 	0.06250 	0.11691 	0.00180 	0.03951 	0.00107 	774 	132 	728 	62 	713 	12 	
11	8.07	44.0 	56.6 	0.78 	0.06318 	0.00373 	0.86276 	0.04953 	0.09904 	0.00171 	0.03551 	0.00100 	714 	125 	632 	49 	609 	11 	
12	8.57	59.5 	59.8 	1.00 	0.06289 	0.00402 	0.81016 	0.05027 	0.09343 	0.00169 	0.03400 	0.00089 	705 	136 	603 	50 	576 	11 	
13	10.4	70.6 	58.3 	1.21 	0.06358 	0.00319 	0.99923 	0.04842 	0.11399 	0.00170 	0.03627 	0.00073 	728 	106 	703 	48 	696 	11 	
14	6.25	34.8 	36.3 	0.96 	0.06505 	0.00413 	1.05028 	0.06489 	0.11710 	0.00215 	0.03723 	0.00107 	776 	134 	729 	64 	714 	14 	
15	5.91	25.4 	36.3 	0.70 	0.06418 	0.00532 	1.03733 	0.08390 	0.11722 	0.00277 	0.03943 	0.00169 	748 	175 	723 	82 	715 	18 	
16	72.0 	767 	347	2.21 	0.06492 	0.00152 	0.98681 	0.02158 	0.11024 	0.00102 	0.03343 	0.00030 	772 	49 	697 	22 	674 	7 	
17	7.24	41.0 	34.4 	1.19 	0.06536 	0.00427 	1.16478 	0.07410 	0.12925 	0.00246 	0.03849 	0.00121 	786 	137 	784 	73 	784 	16 	
18	11.6	74.9 	58.0 	1.29 	0.06643 	0.00338 	1.14895 	0.05657 	0.12544 	0.00198 	0.04002 	0.00084 	820 	106 	777 	56 	762 	13 	
19	41.9	410 	192	2.14 	0.06252 	0.00505 	0.79479 	0.05788 	0.09220 	0.00118 	0.03942 	0.00050 	692 	172 	594 	57 	569 	8 	
20	17.8	222 	33.8 	6.56 	0.06544 	0.00557 	1.16688 	0.12495 	0.12933 	0.00233 	0.03233 	0.00046 	788 	179 	785 	120 	784 	15 	
21	11.0 	93.0 	58.5 	1.59 	0.06346 	0.00512 	0.97504 	0.07386 	0.11144 	0.00178 	0.03065 	0.00063 	724 	171 	691 	72 	681 	11 	
22	6.06	27.6 	37.1 	0.74 	0.06458 	0.00452 	1.04845 	0.07141 	0.11775 	0.00235 	0.03671 	0.00134 	761 	148 	728 	70 	718 	15 	
23	8.55	39.3 	46.4 	0.85 	0.06382 	0.00498 	0.78771 	0.06112 	0.08952 	0.00206 	0.03875 	0.00196 	736 	165 	590 	60 	553 	13 	

Table S1 (continued)
Spot	Element content (ppm) & ratio		Atomic ratios		Apparent ages (Ma)	
	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	208Pb/232Th	1σ	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	
24	15.9	159 	100	1.58 	0.06315 	0.00343 	0.80758 	0.04249 	0.09275 	0.00148 	0.03129 	0.00060 	713 	115 	601 	42 	572 	10 	
25	20.0 	199 	110	1.80 	0.06372 	0.00247 	0.89764 	0.03347 	0.10217 	0.00128 	0.03330 	0.00046 	732 	82 	650 	33 	627 	8 	
00QL02 Qinglongshan																
1	39.7	322 	182 	1.77 	0.06529 	0.00201	1.14989 	0.03475	0.12774	0.00142	0.04179 	0.00049	784 	65 	777 	35 	775 	9 	
2	70.6	318 	490 	0.65 	0.06392 	0.00359	0.99273 	0.05427	0.11264	0.00147	0.03454 	0.00035	739 	119 	700 	54 	688 	9 	
3	26.9	148 	152 	0.97 	0.06524 	0.00526	1.11101 	0.08754	0.12351	0.0021	0.03777 	0.00046	782 	169 	759 	85 	751 	14 	
4	103	223 	950 	0.23 	0.06189 	0.00322	0.65340 	0.03272	0.07657	0.00085	0.02310 	0.00042	670 	111 	511 	33 	476 	5 	
5	65.6	257 	329 	0.78 	0.06528 	0.00321	1.05407 	0.05028	0.11711	0.00139	0.03580 	0.00033	783 	103 	731 	50 	714 	9 	
6	15.3	108 	68 	1.59 	0.06546 	0.00373	1.15956 	0.07433	0.12847	0.00254	0.04148 	0.00105	789 	120 	782 	73 	779 	16 	
7	39.7	414 	180 	2.29 	0.06512 	0.00186	1.13743 	0.03093	0.12668	0.00133	0.03740 	0.00041	778 	60 	771 	31 	769 	9 	
8	183	896 	1101 	0.81 	0.06529 	0.00221	1.10781 	0.03598	0.12306	0.00116	0.03749 	0.00029	784 	71 	757 	36 	748 	7 	
9	35.8	100 	242 	0.41 	0.06537 	0.00257	1.11266 	0.04194	0.12345	0.00141	0.03786 	0.00035	786 	83 	759 	42 	750 	9 	
10	193	719 	1145 	0.63 	0.06531 	0.00109	1.15942 	0.01744	0.12875	0.00107	0.04069 	0.00047	784 	35 	782 	18 	781 	7 	
11	0.14 	1.25	24.5 	0.05 	0.05061 	0.00313 	0.23783 	0.02842 	0.03408 	0.00112 	0.03758 	0.00818 	223 	143 	217 	28 	216 	7 	
12	0.34 	2.49	35.6 	0.07 	0.05048 	0.00292 	0.23116 	0.02467 	0.03321 	0.00083 	0.04095 	0.00697 	217 	134 	211 	25 	211 	5 	
13	0.44 	2.15	17.7 	0.12 	0.05076 	0.00218 	0.24601 	0.02067 	0.03515 	0.00107 	0.03458 	0.01504 	230 	99 	223 	21 	223 	7 	
14	0.76 	0.67	19.4 	0.03 	0.05072 	0.00232 	0.24272 	0.02193 	0.03471 	0.00106 	0.03573 	0.00926 	228 	106 	221 	22 	220 	7 	
15	2.20 	4.45	61.0 	0.07 	0.05063 	0.00129 	0.23184 	0.01118 	0.03321 	0.00051 	0.02225 	0.00165 	224 	59 	212 	11 	211 	3 	
16	0.97 	3.11	25.1 	0.12 	0.05061 	0.00229 	0.24719 	0.02002 	0.03542 	0.00078 	0.02163 	0.00214 	223 	105 	224 	20 	224 	5 	
17	21.8 	14.1 	645 	0.02 	0.05237 	0.00061 	0.26162 	0.01049 	0.03623 	0.00042 	0.03425 	0.00183 	302 	27 	236 	11 	229 	3 	
18	1.85 	2.63	30.9 	0.09 	0.05046 	0.00394 	0.23133 	0.03490 	0.03325 	0.00107 	0.03967 	0.00777 	216 	181 	211 	35 	211 	7 	
19	15.6 	19.4 	418 	0.05 	0.05347 	0.00107 	0.26763 	0.00986 	0.03630 	0.00053 	0.03508 	0.00253 	349 	45 	241 	10 	230 	3 	
20	3.59 	9.41	42.9 	0.22 	0.05071 	0.00267 	0.24677 	0.02320 	0.03529 	0.00073 	0.03270 	0.00223 	228 	122 	224 	23 	224 	5 	
21	4.70 	4.05	43.0 	0.09 	0.05040 	0.00342 	0.23639 	0.03086 	0.03402 	0.00097 	0.03524 	0.00456 	213 	157 	215 	31 	216 	6 	
22	3.63 	10.8 	53.7 	0.20 	0.05034 	0.00308 	0.23016 	0.02607 	0.03316 	0.00073 	0.03657 	0.00349 	211 	142 	210 	26 	210 	5 	

Table S2 Rare earth element compositions of zircon from eclogite at Yangkou and Qinglongshan in the Sulu orogen
Spot	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	LREE	HREE	(Lu/Gd)N	(Yb/La)N	Eu	Ce	
00YK10 Yangkou																				
1	0.259	34.0	0.125	1.18	2.00	0.380	7.93	2.93	40.36	17.1	84.91	20.6	212	40.6	36	375	41.4 	1142 	0.25 	46.2 	
2	0.042	15.0	0.018	0.32	0.950	0.253	5.37	1.76	23.71	9.92	50.17	12.4	132	25.6	15	230	38.5 	4377 	0.27 	133.4 	
3	0.112	30.6	0.058	0.69	1.74	0.440	10.8	4.12	55.0	24.2	124	28.8	315	60.6	31	552	45.5 	3915 	0.24 	92.3 	
4	0.138	15.2	0.073	0.96	0.89	0.261	4.99	1.94	24.64	9.80	52.25	12.1	137	26.8	16	238	43.5 	1380 	0.30 	36.7 	
5	1.14	32.0	0.596	4.27	3.16	1.04	11.8	4.19	51.34	20.6	96.93	21.2	218	41.2	38	398	28.2 	266 	0.46 	9.4 	
6	0.054	12.9	0.021	0.51	0.58	0.247	4.13	1.43	20.35	8.16	42.54	10.3	117	22.3	13	200	43.7 	3011 	0.36 	93.5 	
7	0.191	54.3	0.146	1.84	3.37	1.18	17.3	6.51	86.76	35.9	170.8	37.7	377	72.1	56	693	33.7 	2749 	0.38 	75.7 	
8	0.052	16.3	0.092	1.32	1.42	0.349	4.83	1.72	20.56	8.48	40.59	9.40	100	20.3	18	179	34.0 	2690 	0.37 	44.8 	
9	0.034	16.3	0.040	0.70	1.22	0.450	7.64	2.73	34.31	14.1	66.5	15.6	162	31.1	17	290	33.0 	6658 	0.34 	94.5 	
10	43.5	127.5	10.5	44.6	9.94	1.41	18.3	5.59	66.65	27.5	136.4	31.5	327	62.7	226	585	27.7 	10 	0.32 	1.4 	
11	1.04	18.83	0.330	1.56	0.94	0.287	5.60	1.92	24.62	9.86	48.35	11.5	124	23.4	22	217	33.8 	166 	0.30 	7.8 	
12	0.090	19.39	0.101	1.47	1.69	0.890	9.10	3.10	37.55	14.6	69.0	15.3	158	30.4	21	287	27.0 	2441 	0.55 	43.9 	
13	0.052	39.26	0.086	1.87	3.37	1.76	17.5	6.25	77.45	32.1	150.2	33.5	333	63.6	41	612	29.5 	8924 	0.57 	114.1 	
14	0.054	14.28	0.044	0.73	1.27	0.430	5.87	2.12	26.64	11.2	54.2	12.5	131	25.5	15	235	35.2 	3387 	0.40 	67.5 	
15	0.395	12.45	0.175	0.87	0.63	0.272	3.38	1.37	18.0	7.20	36.75	8.77	94.6	19.3	14	167	46.1 	334 	0.46 	11.6 	
16	0.920	142.3	0.497	5.78	7.34	2.27	36.8	12.8	156.4	61.9	297.3	66.2	677	126	150	1228	27.7 	1025 	0.34 	51.0 	
17	0.430	21.18	0.259	1.52	1.72	0.780	7.25	2.68	33.28	13.3	62.88	14.3	153	28.6	23	272	31.9 	495 	0.58 	15.2 	
18	0.094	33.15	0.137	1.94	3.19	1.24	15.5	5.82	70.58	29.3	139.2	31.1	313	59.5	35	572	31.1 	4648 	0.44 	58.9 	
19	0.530	57.28	0.514	7.44	12.8	4.17	61.9	19.7	228.1	83.6	366	75.8	738	133	66	1396	17.4 	1940 	0.37 	24.5 	
20	107	289.9	47.7	189	25.5	5.83	14.4	2.88	32.08	12.8	62.91	14.2	152	29.3	633	271	16.4 	2.0 	0.85 	1.0 	
21	12.5	72.82	6.00	23.2	4.32	1.18	5.68	1.60	19.71	8.33	40.31	9.78	103	20.9	115	183	29.7 	11 	0.73 	2.1 	
22	0.073	11.73	0.035	0.28	0.61	0.257	3.80	1.32	18.69	7.71	38.71	8.96	97.4	19.8	12	173	42.1 	1860 	0.39 	56.7 	
23	0.440	13.86	0.218	1.10	1.58	0.600	8.01	2.58	34.25	13.7	63.49	14.1	143	28.0	16	262	28.3 	454 	0.42 	10.9 	
24	0.088	26.59	0.112	1.76	2.98	1.54	16.0	5.80	74.24	30.9	149.5	34.1	361	74.3	29	650	37.6 	5719 	0.55 	56.1 	
25	0.553	29.59	0.460	5.55	7.08	3.17	29.9	9.18	106.8	40.3	184.6	41.5	433	84.3	36	784	22.8 	1091 	0.57 	13.5 	

Table S2 (continued)
Spot	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	LREE	HREE	(Lu/Gd)N	(Yb/La)N	Eu	Ce	
00QL02 Qinglongshan																			
1	0.373	92.6 	0.351	5.48	9.77	2.57	47.1 	16.7 	197 	78.3 	353 	72.9 	701 	135 	98.83 	1341 	23 	2621 	0.30 	57.5 	
2	4.68	37.5 	2.12	15.7 	14.3 	1.20 	66.7 	21.8 	253 	90.7 	382 	78.1 	736 	141 	60.01 	1428 	17 	219 	0.10 	2.9 	
3	1.22	20.8 	1.02	5.67	6.64	0.390 	28.9 	8.49	102 	38.9 	166 	33.1 	310 	59.7 	28.68 	608 	17 	354 	0.07 	4.3 	
4	51.2 	56.7 	17.5 	93.5	48.4 	7.09	113 	36.9 	365 	106 	448 	92.7 	965 	172 	218.8 	1783 	12 	26 	0.28 	0.5 	
5	8.08	23.4 	1.93	9.95	7.85	1.02	35.7 	13.4 	160 	62.5 	276 	60.0 	570 	103 	43.35 	1072 	23 	98 	0.16 	1.4 	
6	0.269	52.4 	0.395	3.96	6.76	2.09	30.7 	10.4 	124 	46.3 	204 	41.6 	393 	76.2 	56.99 	761 	20 	2036 	0.37 	32.3 	
7	4.53	129 	1.84	13.6	13.2 	3.22	51.7 	18.3 	218 	82.4 	367 	75.2 	715 	136 	149.3 	1376 	21 	220 	0.33 	11.0 	
8	28.7 	70.3 	6.71	31.8	19.6 	1.98	75.9 	28.0 	322 	116 	494 	99.9 	935 	168 	137.5 	1813 	18 	45 	0.14 	1.2 	
9	5.28	21.9 	1.73	11.2 	10.7 	1.03	37.1 	11.1 	123 	44.9 	190 	39.0 	369 	71.4 	40.17 	714 	16 	97 	0.14 	1.8 	
10	3.50 	31.5 	2.84	25.0 	32.8 	2.73	134 	48.1 	533 	183 	745 	144 	1298 	232 	62.8 	2602 	14 	517 	0.11 	2.3 	
11	0.460 	3.61	0.175	1.02	0.490 	0.280 	1.67	0.600 	7.60 	1.90 	7.84	1.41	10.9 	1.76	5.27 	24 	9 	33 	0.85 	3.1 	
12	0.068	2.66	0.035	0.610 	0.210 	0.166	1.57	0.600 	8.10 	2.37	7.59	1.29	9.98	1.49	3.37 	23 	8 	205 	0.64 	13.3 	
13	0.045	2.68	0.043	0.360 	0.440 	0.110 	0.850 	0.359	4.41	1.20 	4.93	0.830 	6.62	1.13	3.13 	15 	11 	205 	0.54 	13.6 	
14	0.068	2.50 	0.041	0.39	0.31	0.101	0.61	0.331	4.57	1.41	4.87	0.822	6.48	0.96	3.00 	15 	13 	133 	0.70 	11.4 	
15	0.066	7.84	0.046	0.36	0.29	0.371	2.48	1.12	13.3 	3.81	11.9 	1.93	14.3	2.22	8.31 	34 	7 	302 	0.92 	33.6 	
16	0.081	4.01	0.049	0.43	0.28	0.116	0.71	0.391	4.54	1.41	5.45	0.956	6.66	1.11	4.57 	16 	13 	115 	0.76 	15.3 	
17	0.124	12.0 	0.079	0.66	0.91	0.57	8.66	4.42	77.6 	38.9 	215 	58.6 	558 	108 	12.84 	979 	101 	6277 	0.41 	28.9 	
18	0.148	5.65	0.107	0.83	0.61	0.23	1.43	0.68	8.90 	2.64	8.91	1.65	12.6 	2.14	6.74 	28 	12 	119 	0.72 	10.5 	
19	0.41	31.1 	0.33	2.62	2.09	0.68	6.5	3.09	50.6 	26.7 	142 	45.8 	501 	169 	34.48 	884 	210 	1704 	0.52 	19.5 	
20	26.7 	62.1 	6.44	30.0 	6.09	2.34	8.81	2.35	31.0 	8.92	22.9 	4.78	33.5 	5.84	125.3 	76 	5 	1.7 	0.98 	1.1 	
21	0.95	10.8 	0.33	2.19	1.16	0.48	4.78	1.88	19.5 	5.67 	17.5 	3.59	27.2 	4.11	14.26 	58 	7 	40 	0.54 	4.7 	
22	0.52	18.8 	0.37	2.96	1.97	0.8	4.54	2.54	25.6 	7.15	20.6 	4.56	29.9 	5.35	22.62 	68 	10 	80 	0.79 	10.1 	

Table S3 LA-ICPMS zircon U-Pb isotope data for kyanite-quartz vein and eclogite at Huangzhen in the Dabie orogen
Spot	Element content (ppm) & ratio		Atomic ratios		Apparent ages (Ma)	
	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	208Pb/232Th	1σ	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	
04HZ05 Vein																	
1	0.21	0.03	4.76	0.007	0.05015 	0.00739 	0.19808 	0.04185 	0.02865 	0.00146 	0.01330 	0.01346 	202 	342 	184 	42 	182 	9 	
2	11.4	9.17	303	0.030 	0.05163 	0.00393 	0.24003 	0.01965 	0.03372 	0.00073 	0.01219 	0.00293 	269 	175 	218 	20 	214 	5 	
3	20.1	19.4	545	0.036	0.05042 	0.00183 	0.23092 	0.00880 	0.03322 	0.00041 	0.01016 	0.00084 	214 	84 	211 	9 	211 	3 	
4	10.6	3.84	310	0.012	0.05694 	0.00334 	0.27535 	0.01377 	0.03507 	0.00046 	0.03121 	0.00742 	489 	129 	247 	14 	222 	3 	
5	9.75	9.13	272	0.034	0.05125 	0.00354 	0.23420 	0.01571 	0.03314 	0.00056 	0.01075 	0.00258 	252 	159 	214 	16 	210 	4 	
6	5.99	3.49	157	0.022	0.05113 	0.00657 	0.23110 	0.02772 	0.03278 	0.00081 	0.01138 	0.00716 	247 	296 	211 	28 	208 	5 	
7	0.32	0.04	5.68 	0.008	0.05045 	0.00539 	0.19593 	0.03153 	0.02816 	0.00115 	0.01296 	0.01235 	216 	247 	182 	32 	179 	7 	
8	16.2	13.6	475	0.029	0.05087 	0.00283 	0.23155 	0.00969 	0.03301 	0.00064 	0.01102 	0.00078 	235 	128 	211 	10 	209 	4 	
97H05 Eclogite																	
1	35.2	81.6	192	0.42 	0.09791 	0.00233 	1.39272 	0.03070 	0.10317 	0.00104 	0.05989 	0.00111 	1585 	44 	886 	31 	633 	7 	
2	34.0 	75.4	396	0.19 	0.09468 	0.00192 	1.22547 	0.02284 	0.09387 	0.00084 	0.02810 	0.00030 	1522 	38 	812 	23 	578 	5 	
3	41.4	56.8	136	0.42 	0.10724 	0.00203 	3.45231 	0.05846 	0.23349 	0.00205 	0.06810 	0.00056 	1753 	35 	1516 	58 	1353 	13 	
4	37.6	7.54	828	0.01 	0.05173 	0.00106 	0.25663 	0.00571 	0.03598 	0.00035 	0.01218 	0.00143 	273 	47 	232 	6 	228 	2 	
5	43.8	61.6	312	0.20 	0.10941 	0.00227 	3.15953 	0.05884 	0.20945 	0.00202 	0.06104 	0.00056 	1790 	38 	1447 	58 	1226 	13 	
6	36.0 	14.2	842	0.02 	0.05186 	0.00135 	0.25606 	0.00689 	0.03581 	0.00037 	0.01251 	0.00222 	279 	60 	231 	7 	227 	2 	
7	70.1	109	266	0.41 	0.11051 	0.00194 	3.71481 	0.05763 	0.24380 	0.00210 	0.07092 	0.00058 	1808 	32 	1575 	57 	1406 	14 	
8	48.2	79.0 	273	0.29 	0.10135 	0.00193 	1.98069 	0.03412 	0.14174 	0.00123 	0.04184 	0.00037 	1649 	35 	1109 	34 	854 	8 	
9	61.5	80.9	236	0.34 	0.11028 	0.00184 	3.60093 	0.05293 	0.23683 	0.00201 	0.06905 	0.00057 	1804 	30 	1550 	52 	1370 	13 	
10	17.0 	76.1	319	0.24 	0.06095 	0.00071 	0.35419 	0.00303 	0.04215 	0.00039 	0.01637 	0.00074 	637 	25 	308 	3 	266 	3 	
11	31.2	96.6	388	0.25 	0.09152 	0.00228 	1.19033 	0.02737 	0.09433 	0.00092 	0.02805 	0.00026 	1457 	47 	796 	27 	581 	6 	
12	62.5	177	314	0.56 	0.10196 	0.00207 	2.06390 	0.03897 	0.14681 	0.00129 	0.04366 	0.00037 	1660 	38 	1137 	39 	883 	8 	

Table S3 (continued)
Spot	Element content (ppm) & ratio		Atomic ratios		Apparent ages (Ma)	
	Pb	Th	U	Th/U	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	208Pb/232Th	1σ	207Pb/206Pb	1σ	207Pb/235U	1σ	206Pb/238U	1σ	
13	35.9	104	173	0.60 	0.10352 	0.00228 	2.26418 	0.04541 	0.15863 	0.00144 	0.04636 	0.00038 	1688 	41 	1201 	45 	949 	9 	
14	33.8	10.4	740	0.01 	0.05051 	0.00112 	0.24962 	0.00611 	0.03584 	0.00036 	0.01154 	0.00102 	219 	51 	226 	6 	227 	2 	
15	25.0 	5.99	587	0.01 	0.05148 	0.00120 	0.25319 	0.00634 	0.03567 	0.00036 	0.01231 	0.00130 	262 	54 	229 	6 	226 	2 	
16	45.8	46.3	557	0.08 	0.05568 	0.00227 	0.29413 	0.02532 	0.03831 	0.00086 	0.01256 	0.00053 	440 	91 	262 	25 	242 	6 	
17	45.4	22.9	1059	0.02 	0.05117 	0.00085 	0.25036 	0.00402 	0.03549 	0.00033 	0.01150 	0.00304 	248 	38 	227 	4 	225 	2 	
18	29.6	141	333	0.42 	0.08054 	0.00263 	0.69990 	0.02218 	0.06303 	0.00060 	0.01935 	0.00024 	1210 	64 	539 	22 	394 	4 	
19	131	385	424	0.91 	0.10944 	0.00231 	3.60524 	0.06964 	0.23892 	0.00212 	0.06955 	0.00055 	1790 	38 	1551 	68 	1381 	14 	
20	36.8	51.5	591	0.09 	0.05541 	0.00151 	0.29095 	0.00983 	0.03808 	0.00045 	0.01163 	0.00094 	429 	61 	259 	10 	241 	3 	
21	25.3	5.84	602	0.01 	0.05126 	0.00119 	0.24936 	0.00611 	0.03528 	0.00035 	0.01132 	0.00112 	253 	53 	226 	6 	224 	2 	
22	64.6	105	280	0.37 	0.10826 	0.00215 	3.37052 	0.06027 	0.22580 	0.00207 	0.06586 	0.00057 	1770 	36 	1498 	59 	1312 	13 	
23	60.8	102	261	0.39 	0.10714 	0.00234 	3.25361 	0.06474 	0.22024 	0.00207 	0.06432 	0.00059 	1751 	40 	1470 	64 	1283 	13 	
24	35.7	17.8	826	0.02 	0.05131 	0.00138 	0.24858 	0.00732 	0.03514 	0.00038 	0.01231 	0.00132 	255 	62 	225 	7 	223 	2 	
25	46.2	47.8	773	0.06 	0.05567 	0.00128 	0.29521 	0.00756 	0.03846 	0.00041 	0.01272 	0.00097 	439 	51 	263 	8 	243 	3 	

Table S4 Rare earth element compositions of zircon from kyanite-quartz vein and eclogite at Huangzhen in the Dabie orogen
Spot	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	LREE	HREE	(Lu/Gd)N	(Yb/La)N	Eu	Ce	
04HZ05 Vein																				
1	0.027 	0.181 	0.023 	0.151 	0.109 	0.071 	0.81 	0.218	1.66 	0.420 	2.00 	0.470 	3.77	0.760 	0.38 	7.4 	8 	194 	0.52 	1.7 	
2	0.180 	0.610 	0.033	0.160 	0.190 	0.117 	0.87 	0.281	1.86	0.530 	2.11	0.342 	2.66	0.510 	0.98 	6.2 	5 	21 	0.74 	1.8 	
3	0.067 	0.850 	0.021	0.176 	0.270 	0.258 	2.12	0.604	3.57	0.891 	3.38	0.614 	4.20 	0.836 	1.11 	9.9 	3 	87 	0.74 	5.5 	
4	0.056 	1.750 	0.025	0.165 	0.098 	0.076 	0.98 	0.497	11.1 	7.11	51.46	16.7 	233	64.5	2.00 	373 	532 	5807 	0.48 	11.5 	
5	0.030 	0.510 	0.027	0.220 	0.160 	0.233 	1.92	0.571	3.44	0.740 	3.20 	0.620 	4.95	1.00 	0.79 	10.5 	4 	230 	0.77 	4.1 	
6	0.068 	0.203 	0.022	0.206 	0.220 	0.120 	1.30 	0.470 	3.79	1.15	4.39	0.920 	11.1 	3.08	0.50 	20.6 	19 	227 	0.53 	1.3 	
7	0.033 	0.218 	0.022 	0.135 	0.111 	0.057 	0.68 	0.222	1.77 	0.452 	2.05 	0.417 	3.277	0.706 	0.41 	6.9 	8 	140 	0.49 	1.9 	
8	0.087 	0.785 	0.024	0.188 	0.237 	0.216 	2.012	0.56	3.057	1.089 	3.038	0.761 	4.72 	1.084 	1.08 	10.7 	4 	76 	0.66 	4.1 	
97H05 Eclogite																				
1	0.041 	15.5 	0.041 	0.880 	1.40 	0.228 	6.78	2.22	22.8	7.74	32.1 	6.87	66.43	10.4 	16.48 	124 	12 	2259 	0.19 	83.9 	
2	0.613 	11.6 	0.276 	1.99	1.77	0.457 	6.08	1.91 	18.84	6.32	26.6 	5.81	57.37	9.87	14.46 	106 	13 	130 	0.38 	6.9 	
3	0.019 	10.7 	0.078 	1.25	2.14	0.250 	8.96	2.76	28.0 	9.23	37.5 	7.54	72.12	11.7 	12.02 	138 	11 	5292 	0.15 	38.7 	
4	0.066 	1.70 	0.034 	0.178	0.400 	0.237 	1.77	0.574	6.58	2.19	9.82	2.45	27.75	5.60 	1.98 	48 	26 	586 	0.73 	8.7 	
5	0.041 	10.0 	0.094 	1.17	2.34	0.519 	8.52	2.66	25.79	8.22	31.9 	6.41	59.92	9.74	11.33 	116 	9 	2037 	0.32 	28.2 	
6	0.020 	2.06	0.021 	0.160 	0.300 	0.184 	1.41	0.448	4.04	1.20 	4.32	1.06	9.93	1.54	2.26 	18 	9 	692 	0.72 	22.0 	
7	0.034 	13.4 	0.306 	4.63	6.82	0.609 	23.9 	6.57	64.4	20.3 	75.8 	14.8 	131.8	20.8	18.34 	263 	7 	5404 	0.13 	13.0 	
8	0.047 	11.9 	0.058 	1.03	1.95	0.246 	8.37	2.51	26.51	8.64	35.0 	7.34	66.57	11.2 	13.01 	129 	11 	1975 	0.16 	48.0 	
9	0.047 	13.0 	0.073 	1.33	2.37	0.265 	9.58	3.02	30.0 	9.91	39.4 	8.03	73.28	12.4 	14.41 	143 	11 	2174 	0.15 	43.8 	
10	0.028 	9.60 	0.039 	0.570 	1.57	0.283 	7.36	2.16	22.24	7.10 	26.9 	5.39	49.06	7.82	10.24 	96 	9 	2443 	0.21 	59.3 	
11	0.064 	12.4 	0.079 	1.09	1.47	0.361 	4.80 	1.42	15.0 	5.09	21.7 	4.84	49.41	8.52	13.61 	90 	14 	1076 	0.38 	36.7 	
12	0.074 	15.5 	0.246 	4.17	6.37	0.760 	21.9 	6.28	61.61	20.0 	77.8 	15.2	136	21.5 	20.00 	271 	8 	2563 	0.18 	17.5 	
13	0.159 	15.9 	0.174 	1.73	2.31	0.330 	9.53	2.73	28.0 	9.21	37.4 	7.48	70.13	11.6 	17.94 	136 	10 	615 	0.19 	20.7 	
14	0.033 	1.01	0.014 	0.119	0.097	0.056 	0.830 	0.294	2.91	1.02 	5.02	1.40 	16.1	3.19	1.18 	27 	31 	680 	0.41 	11.4 	
15	0.037 	1.89	0.018 	0.290 	0.370 	0.370 	1.97	0.590 	4.25	1.03 	3.05	0.573	4.36	0.626 	2.24 	10 	3 	164 	1.06 	17.7 	
16	0.038 	6.86	0.069 	0.820 	1.29	0.293 	5.71	1.70 	16.91	5.68	22.7 	4.77	43.3	7.14	7.79 	84 	10 	1589 	0.28 	25.3 	
17	0.242 	2.53	0.134 	0.840 	0.750 	0.275 	2.00 	0.440 	4.78	1.40 	5.10 	0.963	9.81	1.77	3.75 	19 	7 	57 	0.65 	3.4 	
18	0.068 	17.0 	0.101 	1.28	2.16	0.408 	8.79	2.57	27.0 	8.74	34.7 	7.08	65.28	10.8 	18.46 	127 	10 	1338 	0.25 	41.2 	

Table S4 (continued)
Spot	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	LREE	HREE	(Lu/Gd)N	(Yb/La)N	Eu	Ce	
19	0.296 	27.9 	0.653 	8.55	10.6 	1.107	37.7 	11.0 	108	34.3 	133	26.3 	233.1	36.9 	37.37 	464 	8 	1098 	0.15 	11.2 	
20	0.141 	5.51	0.135 	1.28	1.63	0.513 	5.76	1.52 	14.46	4.58	18.1 	3.81	37.43	6.60 	7.07 	71 	9 	370 	0.46 	8.9 	
21	0.027 	0.438 	0.003 	0.102	0.102	0.042 	0.390 	0.114	1.11	0.260 	0.969 	0.196	2.03	0.389	0.57 	3.8 	8 	105 	0.56 	9.6 	
22	0.070 	10.4 	0.338 	4.78	5.63	0.636 	20.4 	5.76	57.59	18.1 	68.3 	13.1 	117	19.1 	15.62 	236 	8 	2330 	0.16 	8.8 	
23	0.157 	13.5 	0.146 	2.29	4.17	0.452 	16.1 	4.70 	47.86	15.5 	60.4 	12.2	110.2	18.2 	16.13 	216 	9 	978 	0.15 	20.1 	
24	0.041 	1.54	0.035 	0.207	0.147	0.076 	0.850 	0.287	3.60 	1.33	6.25	1.54 	17.52	3.48	1.82 	30 	33 	596 	0.51 	9.3 	
25	0.046 	5.74	0.030 	0.450 	0.800 	0.180 	3.65	1.25 	13.71	4.82	21.1 	4.98	50.59	9.28	6.27 	91 	21 	1533 	0.27 	36.8 	

Analytical methods
Analyses of zircon U-Pb isotopes and trace elements were in-situ performed simultaneously by the LA-ICPMS technique at Northwest University in Xi’an. The laser-ablation system is a Geolas 200M (193 nm ArF-excimer laser) from the MicroLas Co. in Germany, and the ICP-MS is an Elan 6100 DRC from the Perkin Elmer/SCIEX Co. in Canada. Instrumental conditions and data acquisition methods follow those described by Yuan et al. (2004). The spot sizes were 40 µm in diameter. All U-Pb isotope measurements were performed using zircon 91500 (1062 Ma) as an external standard for age calculation and NIST SRM 610 as an external standard for concentration calculation, in conjunction with internal standardization using 29Si (32.8% SiO2 in zircon). Isotopic ratios and elemental concentrations were calculated using GLITTER 4.0 (Macquarie University), and age calculations and concordia diagrams were made using the ISOPLOT program of Ludwig (2003). The common Pb correction was made by using the EXCEL program ComPbCorr#_151 (Anderson, 2002). For the trace element analyses, the detailed compilations of instrument and data acquisition parameters were described by Liu et al. (2007). Oxide production rate was tuned to <0.5% ThO. The average analytical error ranges from ca. ±10% for light rare earth elements (LREE) to ca. ±5% for the other REE.

References
Anderson T., 2002. Correction of common lead in U-Pb analyses that do not report 204Pb. Chem. Geol. 192, 59-79.
Liu X.M., Gao S., Diwu C.-R., Yuan H.-L., Hu Z.-C., 2007. Simultaneous in-situ determination of U-Pb age and trace elements in zircon by LA-ICP-MS in 20 µm spot size. Chin. Sci. Bull. 52, 1257-1264.
Ludwig K.R., 2003. User’s Manual for Isoplot 3.00: A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel. Berkeley Geochronology Center Special Publication, No. 4, 70 pp.
Yuan H.-L., Gao S., Liu X.-M., Li H.-M., Gunther D., Wu F.-Y., 2004. Accurate U–Pb age and trace element determinations of zircon by laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Geostand. Newslett. 28, 353-370.